Researchers in this area deal with fundamental and applied problems involving the analysis, design and testing of materials and structures. On the most extreme scale this includes ultra-high pressure material analysis under complex loading and the connection between molecular simulations of materials and their macroscopic properties, as well as artificial intelligence design of materials. Applications include bone loss in spaceflight, the interaction of wind with buildings, the design and testing of wind turbines, and non-destructive evaluation techniques to detect flaws in structures.